Mortality trend of bladder cancer in Qidong from 1972 to 2016 / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the mortality trend of bladder cancer among residents in Qidong, Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2016, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment strategy of bladder cancer in Qidong.@*Methods@#The data of bladder cancer was collected from Qidong Cancer Registry.The crude mortality rate ( CR ), age-standardized rate by Chinese population in 2000 (CASR) and world population in 1960 ( WASR ), truncated rate (35-64 years) and cumulative rate ( 0-74 years ) were calculated. The annual percent change ( APC ) was used to analyze the trend of mortality in bladder cancer.@*Results@#During from 1972 to 2016, There were 1 497 deaths due to bladder cancer in Qidong from 1972 to 2016. The CR, CASR and WASR were 2.96/105, 1.83/105 and 1.80/105, respectively. The APCs in CR, CASR, WASR of bladder cancer were 5.29%, 1.86% and 1.81%, respectively ( P<0.05 ), showing upward trends. The truncated rate, cumulative rate and cumulative risk were 1.47/105, 0.17% and 0.17%, respectively. The CR, CASR and WASR in males were 4.71/105, 2.97/105 and 3.31/105, respectively, which was higher than that of 1.26/105, 0.75/105, and 0.66/105 in females ( P<0.05 ). The APC of CR, CASR and WASR in males were 5.71%, 1.96% and 2.17%, respectively ( P<0.05 ), all showed upward trends. For females, the APC of CR was 4.47% ( P<0.05 ), showing an upward trend, but there was no significant change in CASR and WASR ( P>0.05 ). The CR of bladder cancer was high among people aged more than 55 years. The CR in 55-64-year-old group, 65-74-year-old group and more than 75-year-old group showed upward trends, with APC of 4.50%, 2.22% and 4.51%, respectively ( P<0.05 ). @*Conclusions@#From 1972 to 2016, the mortality of bladder cancer in Qidong showed an upward trend, which was relatively high in men and people aged over 55 years.

Correlation of cervical cancer mortality with fertility, access to health care and socioeconomic indicators / Correlação da mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero com fertilidade, acesso a cuidados de saúde e indicadores socioeconômicos

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to examine which development indicators are correlated with cervical cancer (CC) mortality rates in Brazil. Methods This was an ecological study that correlatedmortality rates and indicators, such as human development index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, illiteracy rate, fertility rate, screening coverage, proportion of private health insurance use, density of physicians, and density of radiotherapy centers. Themortality rateswere obtained fromthe Brazilian national registry, while the indicators were based on official reports from the Ministry of Health. Univariate and multivariate linear regression was used. Results Among the states of Brazil, the average age-specific CC mortality rate from 2008 to 2012 varied from 4.6 to 22.9 per 100,000 women/year. In the univariate analysis, HDI, proportion of private health insurance use, density of physicians, and density of radiotherapy centers were inversely correlated with the mortality rates. Fertility rate was positively correlated with the mortality rates. In the multivariate analysis, only fertility rate was significantly associated with the CC mortality rate (coefficient of correlation: 9.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.16-13.59). Conclusion A decrease in the fertility rate, as expected when the level of development of the regions increases, is related to a decrease in the mortality rate of CC. The results of the present study can help to better monitor the quality assessment of CC programs both among and within countries.

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar quais indicadores de desenvolvimento estão correlacionados com as taxas de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no Brasil. Métodos Este foi um estudo ecológico que correlacionou as taxas de mortalidade com indicadores como índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH), produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita, taxa de analfabetismo, taxa de fertilidade, cobertura do rastreamento, proporção do uso do seguro privado de saúde, densidade de médicos e densidade de centros de radioterapia. A fonte das taxas de mortalidade foi o registro nacional, enquanto que os indicadores foram baseados em relatórios oficiais do Ministério da Saúde. Foi utilizada regressão linear univariada e multivariada. Resultados Entre os estados, a taxa média de mortalidade específica por idade por câncer do colo do útero de 2008 a 2012 variou de 4.6 a 22.9 por 100.000 mulheres/ano. Na análise univariada, foram inversamente correlacionadas com as taxas de mortalidade: IDH, proporção do uso do seguro privado de saúde, densidade de médicos e densidade de centros de radioterapia. A taxa de fertilidade foi positivamente correlacionada com a mortalidade. Na análise multivariada, apenas a taxa de fertilidade foi significativamente associada à taxa de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero (coeficiente de correlação: 9,38; índice de confiança [IC] 95%: 5,16-13,59). Conclusão A diminuição da taxa de fertilidade, como esperado quando o nível de desenvolvimento das regiões aumenta, está relacionada a uma diminuição da taxa de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero. Os resultados do presente estudo podem ajudar amonitorarmelhor a avaliação da qualidade dos programas de câncer do colo do útero nos países tanto interna quanto externamente.

Meta-analysis of coffee intake and all cancer mortality in East Asian population / 预防医学

Objective @#To explore the association between coffee intake and all cancer mortality in East Asian populations. @*Methods @#We searched literatures which assessed the relationship between coffee intake and cancer mortality in Asian populations published by December 10th,2018 from China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database and PubMed. We conducted category and dose-response meta-analyses using Stata 15.0. @*Results @#A total of 335 relevant articles were retrieved; five articles were finally included in the meta-analyses,of which four were carried out in Japanese population and one in Singaporean Chinese population. The total sample size of the five articles was 361 802,and the number of deaths from cancer was 17 664. The results showed that coffee intake reduced the risk of all cancer mortality in East Asian populations（RR=0.93,95%CI：0.87-0.99）. There was no statistical significant association between coffee intake and all cancer mortality in East Asian men（RR=0.94,95%CI：0.77-1.15）. Among East Asian women,coffee consumption reduced the risk of all cancer mortality by 12%（RR=0.88,95%CI：0.81-0.95）. All cancer mortality risk decreased with the increase of coffee intake,and reached the lowest point at one and a half cups of coffee per day（RR=0.92,95%CI：0.86-0.98）. @*Conclusion @#Coffee intake reduced the risk of all cancer mortality in East Asian populations,which was obviously found in East Asian women. Drinking one and a half cups of coffee a day had the lowest risk of all cancer mortality.

Pronóstico de incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer bucal en la provincia Ciego de Ávila / Prognosis of oral cancer incidence and mortality in the province of Ciego de Avila

Introducción: la predicción es una de las actividades asistenciales y de investigación con mayor auge actualmente. El desarrollo alcanzado por los servicios estomatológicos en Cuba ha contribuido a la disminución de la incidencia del cáncer bucal, pero resulta preocupante que cada año esta enfermad se diagnostique en un grupo considerable de personas. Desde este punto de vista, el análisis de series temporales es de vital importancia en la vigilancia y predicción de las enfermedades. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de las series de incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer bucal para la generación de pronósticos, con un horizonte de predicción de tres años, en la provincia Ciego de Ávila. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo de series temporales. Se analizaron las series temporales del cáncer bucal, con frecuencia de incidencia anual durante 8 años (2007-2014) y mortalidad durante 12 años (2003-2014). Para la obtención del pronóstico se emplearon métodos sencillos, rápidos y efectivos: el método de los mínimos cuadrados y el alisamiento o suavizamiento exponencial con dos parámetros, que suaviza las oscilaciones locales y permite apreciar la tendencia de la serie. Se empleó el programa EVIEWS 4.1. Resultados: en cuanto a la incidencia se pronosticó una estimación puntual de aproximadamente 73 casos anuales e intervalos de predicción que pueden oscilar de 59 a 87 para los próximos años. Con respecto a la mortalidad se obtuvieron intervalos de predición muy estrechos que oscilan entre 26 y 50, con una estimación puntual de 37 fallecidos por año aproximadamente. Conclusiones: el comportamiento de la serie de incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer bucal en la provincia es creciente, por lo que se estima un incremento para los próximos tres años(AU)

Introduction: prediction is a major practice in health care and research nowadays. The development achieved by dental services in Cuba has contributed to reduce the incidence of oral cancer, but it is still a reason for concern that a large number of people are diagnosed with this condition every year. In this context, time series analysis is crucially important for disease surveillance and prediction. Objective: analyze the behavior of oral cancer incidence and mortality series to generate a prognosis with a three-year prediction horizon in the province of Ciego de Avila. Methods: a time-series retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted. An analysis was performed of the oral cancer time series, based on an annual incidence frequency for eight years (2007-2014) and a mortality rate for 12 years (2003-2014). Simple, fast, effective methods were used to obtain the prognosis: the least squares method and two-parameter exponential smoothing, which smooths local oscillations making it possible to appreciate the trend in the series. Use was made of the software EVIEWS 4.1. Results: regarding incidence, a prognosis was made of a point estimation of approximately 73 cases per year, with prediction intervals ranging between 59 and 87 for the next years. Regarding mortality, very narrow prediction intervals were obtained which range between 26 and 50, with a point estimation of approximately 37 deaths per year. Conclusions: behavior of the oral cancer incidence and mortality series in the province is on the increase, and it is estimated that it will continue to grow in the next three years(AU)

A study on cancer mortality of the residents in the high background radiation area in Yangjiang,China (1979-2002) / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To increase the statistic power to estimate radiation-induced cancer risk on the basis of analysis of the 1999-2002 follow-up data from high background radiation areas (HBRA), in combination with those in the period 1979-1998, and further to estimate radiation-induced cancer risk at low dose after adjustment of individual smoking factor.Methods Cohort studies were conducted of cancer mortality for the residents in both HBRA and control area (CA), with follow-up made in phases.The present study was first focused on the collection of cancer mortality data during 1999-2002, with preliminary analysis of the risks of cancer mortality.And then, the effort was dedicated to analysis of both the risks of cancer mortality and the smoker-adjusted risks of radiation-induced cancer mortality from for the residents in HBRA in period 1999-2002 based on the pooled data during 1999-2002 and 1979-1998 through ID record linkage.Person-years were estimated using Epicure/DATAB model.The relative risk (RR), the excess relative risk coefficient (ERR/Sv) and confidence interval (CI) of cancer mortality from 1979 to 2002 were estimated using Poisson regress model in AMFIT mode.Results A total of 76 264 persons in HBRA and CA was followed up during 1999-2002, covering 300 523 person-years and 2 267 deaths identified, including 239 cancer deaths.Based on pooled data, 125 079 persons were followed up during 1979-2002, which covered 2 293 463 person-years and 14 711 deaths identified, including 1 441 died of cancer.The sex-and age-adjusted RR of all cancers in the HBRA during 1979-2002 was 0.99 (95％ CI: 0.89 to 1.11), showing no statistically significant differences between HBRA and CA (P ＞ 0.05).The value of ERR/Sv of all cancer mortality during 1979-2002 was-0.01 (95％ CI:-0.50 to 0.64).Smoker-adjusted RR of all cancer mortality in HBRA during 1987-2002 was 1.00 (95％ CI:0.87 to 1.15), with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The value of ERR/Sv for all cancers during 1987-2002 was 0.01 (95％ CI:-0.56 to 0.81) after adjustment of smoking.Conclusions Increased risk was not found in relation to radiation exposure at low dose in HBRA.After adjustment of smoking, the statistical difference has not been shown in all cancer mortality between HBRA and CA, but excess relative risk increased slightly.

Mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero em Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2000-2010 / La mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2000-2010 / Mortality from cervical cancer in Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2000-2010

Objetivo: Descrever a taxa bruta de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero em Santa Catarina no período de 2000 – 2010. Método: Pesquisa descritiva de base populacional e dados obtidos junto ao SIM/DATASUS. Resultados: O número total de óbitos por câncer do colo do útero em Santa Catarina, no período estudado, foi de 1382, correspondendo a uma taxa de mortalidade que variou entre 3,6 (ano de 2006) e 4,9 (ano de 2000) por 100.000 mulheres. Verificou-se que a menor taxa de mortalidade referiu-se à faixa etária de 20-29 anos e as mais altas a partir dos 40 anos. Conclusões: Os dados apontaram para uma diminuição dos casos de óbitos em mulheres por câncer de colo de útero no decorrer do período estudado e apresentam ainda, que quanto maior a faixa etária maior a taxa bruta de mortalidade.

Objective: To describe the death rate from cervical cancer in Santa Catarina State in the 2000-2010 period. Method: Descriptive population-based and data obtained from the SIM / DATASUS. Results: The total number of deaths from cervical cancer in Santa Catarina, in the period studied, was 1382, corresponding to a mortality rate ranging from 3.6 (2006) and 4.9 (year 2000) per 100,000 women. It was found that the lowest mortality rate referred to the age group of 20-29 years old and the highest after 40 years. Conclusions: The data pointed to a decrease of deaths in women from cervical cancer, during the study period, and showed that higher the age the higher the death rate.

Objetivo: Describir la tasa de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Santa Catarina, en el período de 2000 a 2010. Método: Descriptivos de datos basados en la población y obtenida de la tarjeta SIM / DATASUS. Resultados: El número total de muertes por cáncer de cuello uterino en Santa Catarina, en el período estudiado fue de 1382, que corresponde a una tasa de mortalidad entre 3,6 (2006) y 4,9 (año 2000) por cada 100.000 mujeres. Fue posible verificar que la tasa de mortalidad más baja se refirió al grupo de edad entre 20-29 años y las más altas después de los 40 años. Conclusiones: Los datos apuntaron a una disminución de las muertes en mujeres por cáncer de cuello uterino durante el período de estudio y apuntaron también, que cuanto mayor la edad, más grande es la tasa bruta de mortalidad.

Research on the association between per-capita tobacco consumption among the permanent residents and lung cancer mortality in Henan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the relationship of per-capita tobacco consumption and lung cancer mortality in Henan province,and to provide evidence for policy development on tobacco control and reduction of lung cancer mortality.Methods Data regarding lung cancer mortality and per-capita tobacco consumption among household residents from 1992 to 2011,was collected from published almanacs in Henan and Henan Tumor Institutes.Trend Method was used to analyze the development of lung cancer in Henan province and the trend of per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household.‘Spearman rank correlation' was used to analyze the correlation between per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household from 1992 to 2001 and the lung cancer mortality rates from 2002 to 2011,with the lag time unite as 10 years in this study.Cure Estimation was used to fit the model regarding the relationship between per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household and lung cancer.Results Lung cancer mortality among those permanent residents in Henan province increased from 14.75/100 000 in 1992 to 27.00/100 000 in 2011,with an increase of 83.05％.Both the trend of per-capita tobacco consumption among the permanent residents and the lung cancer mortality were uprising,with the tobacco consumption showing a lag effect to the lung cancer mortality.Correlation coefficient between the per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household from 1992 to 2001 and the lung cancer mortality from 2002 to 2011 was rs=0.770,P=0.009＜0.05,with statistically significant difference.Along with the uprising trend of lung cancer mortality,the per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household was also parallelly rising with the equation of relevance betweenper-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household in Henna province and lung cancer as y =2.60 x0.46 (F=576.483) and the R2 was 0.667.Conclusion Per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household in Henan province appeared a factor that influencing the lung cancer mortality and an association between the per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household and lung cancer was noticed.Tobacco consumption had a lag trend to the mortality of lung cancer.

Cáncer orofaríngeo: caracterización de la mortalidad en urbanización Valparaíso-Viña del Mar 2001 - 2010 / Oropharyngeal cancer: characterization of mortality in the urbanization Valparaíso-Viña del Mar 2001 - 2010

El cáncer orofaríngeo es un problema de salud de alcance mundial, según la OMS. Es el octavo mas frecuente a nivel mundial en población masculina. Se estima la incidencia anual en alrededor de 275.000 para cáncer bucal y 130.000 para cáncer faríngeo. Dos tercios de los casos ocurren en países en vías de desarrollo. En Chile el 1 por ciento del todos los cánceres corresponden a cáncer orofaríngeo, con tasa de mortalidad histórica de 1,3 x 100.000 hab. El propósito del estudio fue caracterizar la mortalidad por Cáncer Orofaríngeo en la urbanización Valparaíso-Viña del Mar, para la década 2001- 2010. Los datos de fallecidos fueron obtenidos de los libros de defunciones del archivo de las Oficinas del Registro civil de cada comuna. Las tasas de mortalidad fueron calculadas con datos poblaciones proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística. La tasa de mortalidad para la conurbación Valparaíso-Viña del Mar alcanzo el 2,6 x 100.000 hab. Con una razón hombre: mujer de 1,3 a 1. La edad media de fallecimiento fue de 70,59 años. En cuanto a ubicación anatómica más frecuente fue orofaringe, luego glándulas salivales y lengua. Diagnóstico histológico más común fue Carcinoma Espinocelular y 24,8 por ciento de fallecidos presentó metástasis. Este estudio se concluye que existe un aumento de la tasa de mortalidad por Cáncer orofaríngeo (CFB) en las conurbación Valparaíso-Viña del Mar respecto a lo informado en el pasado para el país, esto podría estar demostrando un cambio de tendencia fundado en los cambios ambientales y conductuales de la población.

The oropharyngeal cancer is a worldwide health problem according to WHO. It is the eighth most common in the world male population. Annual incidence is estimated at around 275,000 for oral cancer 130,000 and for pharyngeal cancer. Two thirds of the cases occur in developing countries. In Chile 1 percent of all cancers are oropharyngeal cancer, with historical mortality rate of 1.3 per 100,000 inhabitants. The purpose of the study was to characterize oropharyngeal cancer mortality in the urbanization Valparaíso-Viña del Mar, for the decade 2001-2010. Deaths data were obtained from books File deaths of civil registry offices of each commune. Mortality rates were calculated using population data provided by the National Statistics Institute. The mortality rate for the conurbation Valparaíso-Viña del Mar reached 2.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. With a male: female ratio of 1.3 to 1. The average age of death was 70.59 years. As most frequent anatomical location oropharynx, salivary glands and tongue then. The most common histologic diagnosis was Squamous Cell Carcinoma and 24.8 percent of deaths presented metastasis. This study concludes that there is an increase in the rate of oropharyngeal cancer mortality in the conurbation Valparaíso-Viña del Mar about what was reported in the past for the country, this could be showing a trend change based on environmental and behavioral changes of the population.

The mortality and morbidity of cancer and other health events in Khongor soum, Darkhan-Uul, 2010 / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background: The Khongor soum has 253.3 thousand hectare square meter land which is 77 percent of Darkhan aimag from that 31.2 thousand hectare square meter land is used for plantation purpose. 12% of population is kazak. In April 2007, environment and drinking water resource of Khongor soum was polluted by dilution sewage water. Since after this incidence population were complaining about health status. Purpose of this survey was to determine cancer and general mortality of soum population. There 2 objectives: 1. To verify cancer mortality and morbidity in Khongor soum, Darkhan2. To assess excess mortality of cancer in the Khongor soumMethods: Health secondary data of 2006-2009 of Health department of Darkhan-Uul aimag was used for the assessment. The information about cause of death, number of death, population and so on were collected to caluculate crude mortality and cancer-specific mortality.Results: in 2007, the lowest or 4950 population was registered in Khongor soum and the highest number or 5628 of population was registered in 2002. The number of population gradually increased in 2009 by 5603. During 2006-2009 66 people were died in Khongor soum and this means 125.3 populations per 10000. According to the year trend mortality (66) rate was not fluctuated year by year. The leading ten causes of mortality of Khongor soum, at the first CVD (51.1 per 10000) and at the second cancer (37.8 per 10000) and it is similar with Mongolian mortality consistence. According to standardized mortality rate, mortality of Darkhan-Uul aimag was 8 per 10000 and the level of Khongor soum was 0.3 which means less than state average level. During 2006-2009 years, 24 people were died due to cancer and most of them were male (17, 70.8%). Every year of surveyed time, male mortality rate was high. The registered cancer (62.5 per 10000) of soum was similar with state average level and 1.5 times less then Darkhan- Uul aimag (92.5 per 1000) level.Conclusions: The last 5 years mortality rate of Khongor soum (124.9 per 10000) less 2.4 times from Mongolian state average level and 1.9 times less than Darkhan-uul aimag level. There are approved that cancer level of Khongor soum was not increased in last year. However, it is recommended to monitor Khongor soum’s morbidity and mortality to evaluate long-term effect of environmental pollution.

Breast cancer mortality in mexico: an age-period-cohort analysis / Mortalidad por cáncer de mama en méxico: un análisis de edad-periodo-cohorte

OBJECTIVE: To assess the age, period and cohort effects on breast cancer (BC) mortality in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Age, period and cohort curvature trends for BC mortality were estimated through the Poisson Regression model proposed by Holford. RESULTS: Nationally, BC death rates have leveled off since 1995 in most age groups. BC mortality trends are mainly determined by birth cohort and age effects in Mexico. Women born between 1940 and 1955 show the highest rate of increase in BC mortality. Women born afterwards still show an increasing trend but at a much lower rate. Mammography and adjuvant therapy have had a limited impact on mortality. Potential reasons for observed patterns are discussed. An increase in BC mortality in Mexico is expected in the following decades. CONCLUSIONS: Mammography screening programs and timely access to effective treatment should be a national priority to reverse the expected increasing BC mortality trend.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar efectos de edad-periodo-cohorte en la mortalidad por cáncer de mama (CaMa) en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Las tendencias de los efectos de edad-periodo-cohorte fueron estimados mediante un modelo de regresión de Poisson propuesto por Holford. RESULTADOS: Las tasas de mortalidad por CaMa se han estabilizado en la mayoría de los grupos de edad desde 1995 y están determinadas principalmente por efectos de cohorte y edad. Las mujeres nacidas entre 1940 y 1955 muestran los mayores aumentos en la mortalidad en comparación con las nacidas después de este período. La mamografía y la terapia adyuvante han tenido un impacto limitado sobre la mortalidad. Se discuten posibles explicaciones de las tendencias observadas. En las siguientes décadas se espera continúe aumentando la mortalidad por CaMa. CONCLUSIONES: El acceso a mamografía y a tratamiento oportuno y efectivo debieran ser una prioridad para revertir la tendencia creciente esperada de la mortalidad por CM.

Diferenças de gênero na tendência de mortalidade por câncer de pulmão nas macrorregiões brasileiras / Gender differences in lung cancer mortality trends in Brazilian macro regions

O câncer de pulmão é a primeira causa de óbito por câncer entre homens e a segunda entre mulheres no Brasil. Em países desenvolvidos, a mortalidade por este tipo de câncer vem declinando entre homens, mas não entre as mulheres. Este estudo analisou as tendências de mortalidade por câncer de pulmão no Brasil para homens e mulheres durante o período de 1979 a 2003 em todo o país e nas cinco macrorregiões. Foram calculadas taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade e específicas para os grupos etários de 40-59 e 60 anos e mais. As variações percentuais anuais estimadas (Estimated Annual Percent Change - EAPC) foram avaliadas para os períodos: 1979-1987, 1988-1995, 1996-2003. A mortalidade por câncer de pulmão em todo o período (1979-2003) aumentou em 29 por cento entre homens e em 86 por cento entre mulheres. Desagregando-se os dados, observou-se uma tendência inversa evidente na região Sudeste entre 1996 e 2003 para o grupo etário mais jovem com diminuição para homens (EAPC = - 2,1) e aumento para mulheres (EAPC = 3,2). Merece destaque a grande variação positiva nas tendências para mulheres na região Norte e Nordeste a partir de 1988 nos dois grupos etários estudados. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de dar continuidade às ações de controle do tabagismo para os homens e de aperfeiçoar as estratégias voltadas para as mulheres.

Tendência de mortalidade por câncer de mama no Brasil e em Estados selecionados / Breast cancer mortality trends in Brazil and selected states / Tendencia de mortalidad por cáncer de mama en Brasil y estados seleccionados

OBJETIVO: Descrever a tendência da mortalidade por câncer de mama no Brasil e em Estados selecionados segundo a faixa etária. MÉTODOS: Nessa análise, utilizou-se a base de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do período de 1980 a 2003. A análise da tendência de mortalidade foi realizada com o ajuste de modelos e a utilização da técnica não paramétrica de Lowess para suavização das taxas. RESULTADOS: No Brasil, a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por câncer de mama aumentou de 1980 até 1994, estabilizando-se, entre 1995 e 2003, em torno de 10 óbitos por 100 mil mulheres/ano. Na análise dos Estados selecionados de 1990 a 2003, na faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos ocorreu aumento das taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul; na faixa de 50 a 59 anos, ocorreu aumento nas taxas em Santa Catarina e Mato Grosso do Sul; no grupo etário entre 60 e 69 anos, houve acréscimo das taxas nos Estados de Pernambuco e Paraná e redução no Estado do Rio de Janeiro; no grupo etário acima de 70 anos, os acréscimos nas taxas ocorreram nos Estados de Pernambuco, Espírito Santo, Paraná, São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul. CONCLUSÃO: As taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama têm tendência à elevação no Brasil, podendo indicar um diagnóstico tardio da doença. Os dados apresentados são importantes para subsidiar a elaboração de políticas de controle efetivo da doença, observando as especificidades regionais.

PURPOSE: Describe Breast Cancer Mortality Trends in Brazil and in selected states according to age group. METHODS: In this paper the Mortality Information System data bank of 1980 to 2003 was analysed. The mortality trend analysis was performed through model adjustment and the Lowess non parametric technique for smoothing the rates. RESULTS: In Brazil the pattern rate of breast cancer mortality increased between the years of 1980 to 1994 and it became stable between 1995 to 2003 at 10 death per 100 thousand women/year In the selected states analysis from 1990 to 2003 in the 30 to 49 years of age group there was an increase of deaths by breast cancer in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the 50 to 59 years of age group the increase occured in the States of Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso do Sul, in the 60 to 69 years of age group there were increases in the Paraná and Pernambuco States and decrease in the Rio de Janeiro State, in the 70 years old age group the rate increase occurred in Pernambuco, Espírito Santo, Paraná, São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul States CONCLUSION: Mortality rate due to breast cancer have a tendency to increase in Brazil, very likely because the disease is diagnosed in advanced stages. The presented analysis is irreplaceable for subsidizing the elaborating of effective control policies for the disease, respecting the regional peculiarities.

OBJECTIVO: Describir la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer de mama en Brasil y estados seleccionados según faja de edad. MÉTODOS: En esa análisis se uso, la base de datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad (SIM) del período de 1980 a 2003. La análisis de tendencia de mortalidad fue hecha con el ajuste de modelos y utilización de la técnica no paramétrica de Lowess para suavización de las tasas. RESULTADOS: En Brasil, la tasa normalizada de mortalidad por cáncer de mama agrandó de 1980 hasta 1994, estabilizando-se entre 1995 y 2003 en rededor de 10 óbitos por 100 mil mujeres/año. En la analisis de los Estados seleccionados de 1990 a 2003 en la faja etaria de 30 a 49 años ocurió um aumento de lãs tajas de mortalidad por cancer de mama en el Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, em la faja de 50 a 59 años de edad ocurrió um aumento de tajas em Santa Catarina e Matogrosso do Sul; em el grupo de edad entre 60 y 69 años aumento lãs tajas em los Estados de Pernambuco y Paraná y diminuición em Rio de Janeiro, em el grupo de edad de 70 años los acréscimos el lãs tajas fueran em los estados de Pernambuco, Espírito Santo, Paraná, São Paulo y Mato Grosso do Sul. CONCLUSIÓN: Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama tem crescido en Brasil, y pueden indicar un diagnóstico tardío de la enfermedad. Los datos presentados son importantes para subsidiar la elaboración de políticas de control efectivo de la enfermedad, respetando las especificidades regionales.

Preliminary Application of Colorectal Cancer Model of ACPGBI / 中国普外基础与临床杂志

Objective To validate the accuracy of the colorectal cancer model of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland(ACPGBI-CCM),and to find out the relationship between clinical risk factors and the predictive value produced by ACPGBI-CCM.Methods The patients diagnosed definitely as colorectal cancer in the department of anal-colorectal surgery,West China hospital from April 2007 to July 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.And the predictive value of mortality for each patient was calculated by ACPGBI-CCM,then the difference of risk factors was compared by classifying the patients into lower risk group and higher risk group by making the median predictive mortality as a cut point.Results From April 2007 to July 2007,a total of 99 patients diagnosed definitely as colorectal cancer accepted treatment,and among which 67 patients included in this study were admitted whose average age was 60.09 years.And there were 34 male and 33 female patients;15 right hemicolon cancer,9 left hemicolon cancer,43 rectal cancer;Dukes staging:A 0 case,B 37 cases,C 24 cases,D 6 cases.The observed mortality 30 days after operation was 0,whereas the predictive mortality was 0.77%-25.75% with a median value of 3.36%.Then the patients whose predictive mortality were ≤3.36% were grouped as lower risk group(34 cases),the others higher risk group(33 cases),and there was strikingly different predictive mortality between two groups 〔(8.86?4.51)% vs(1.76?0.68)%,P0.05).Furthermore,stratification analysis was made for risk factors,and it came out that there were great differences of predictive mortality for different age groups and ASA grading,having internal medicine complications or not,having chemotherapy or not,and for cancer resected or not,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The clinical applicability of the ACPGBI-CCM is ascertained in such a large volume single medical centre,but the ACPGBI-CCM overpredicts the mortality in this study which may be attributed to the different areas,nations,or the different cultures.The complications and the neo-adjuvant or adjuvant therapy are further found out that they may be independent predictive factors of survival,and more research will be needed to prove this.

Mortalidad por leucemias en menores de 20 años: México 1998-2002 / Leukemia mortality on people under 20 years old: Mexico 1988-2002

Introducción. Las leucemias son el cáncer más frecuente durante la infancia. El estudio pretende describir la mortalidad por leucemias en menores de 20 años en México. Material y métodos. A partir del Sistema Estadístico y Epidemiológico de las Defunciones se calcularon tasas específicas por edad, género y entidad federativa. Se estimó la tasa media de mortalidad anual (TMMA) por estado, y la tasa truncada estandarizada por edad de mortalidad. La estandarización fue por el método directo y el error estándar por la aproximación de Poisson, los intervalos de confianza (IC) fueron de 95%. En la elaboración de la razón estandarizada de mortalidad (REM) se utilizó la tasa nacional como referencia. Se calculó la proporción de cambio anual estatal y nacional con IC al 95%, además se estimaron las tendencias nacionales y estatales de 1998 a 2002 por medio de la regresión de Poisson. Resultados. La mortalidad por leucemias representó 51.1%. La razón hombre/mujer fue de 1.3. Los grupos de edad más afectados fueron los de 5-9 y 10-14 años, ambas con TMMA de 27.7 por 10(6) habitantes. La REM para Quintana Roo y Puebla fueron significativas. En cuanto a la tendencia Tlaxcala presentó un incremento y Baja California Sur un decremento, ambos fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones. La mortalidad por leucemias en menores de 20 años representa un problema de salud pública nacional, por lo que el diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento específico deben ser de alta prioridad.

Introduction. Leukemias are the most frequent form of cancer in childhood and adolescence. This study describes the mortality rate for individuals under 20 years of age with a primary diagnosis of leukemia in Mexico over a 15 year period, from 1988-2002. Material and methods. Specific mortality rates were calculated according to age, gender and state of origin based on data provided by a National Epidemiological Mortality Reporting System (SEED). The median annual mortality rate and age adjusted mortality rate were estimated for each state in Mexico. The direct method was used for standardization and standard error with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. The national mortality rate was used as a reference to estimate the standardized mortality rate. State annual change and trends were calculated from 1988 to 2002 by Poisson regression. Results. The leukemia mortality rate during the study period was 51.1%; the male/female ratio was 1.3 and the predominant age group ranged from 10 to 14 years of age. The median annual mortality rate of 27.7 per 10(6) inhabitants. Conclusions. Leukemia mortality in children and adolescents under 20 years of age represents a major public health problem in Mexico, early diagnosis and specific treatment must be considered high priority.

A cohort study on the relationship between pesticide use and mortality, and cancer mortality / 예방의학회지

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between pesticide use and mortality, and cancer mortality which are recognized as health hazards of pesticides. Data were analyzed from a cohort of 6,066 people aged fifty-five or over and who have been residing in the main island of Kangwha county. Death certificates, computerized citizenship registers searches, and household interview survey lead to get more than ninety-seven percents follow-up rate for the first five year observation period. Important findings are as follows: 1. Age specific mortality rates of pesticide users are significantly lower than those of pesticides nonusers. The SMR of male is 0.80, and 0.58 for females respectively probably due to healthy worker effects. But, age specific cancer mortality rates are significantly higher than those of pesticide nonusers (SMR=1.59) in males. this finding is not observed in females (SMR=0.85), however. 2. Logistic regression analyses showed that self-reported health status, drinking, and smoking histories in male are significantly associated with total mortality rate. The histories of pesticide use are also calculated to be highly associated with cancer mortality as in univariate analyses in males. In female, self-reported health status, age of first delivery are found to be significantly related to total mortality rate. Only drinking history is calculated to be associated with cancer mortalities in females. Data from further observation of 'Kangwha cohort' and indepth analyses of these are highly expected.